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Machining Formulas
Cutting Speed Formulas:
RPM = Revolutions Per Minute
SFM = Surface Feet Per Minute
SMPM = Surface Meters Per Minute
Surface Feet Per Minute (SFM) = 0.262 x Diameter ( Tool or Stock ) x RPM
Revolutions Per Minute (RPM) = 3.82 x SFM ÷ Diameter ( Tool or Stock )
SFM to SMPM = SFM x .3048
SMPM to SFM = SMPM x 3.2808399
Feed Rate Formulas:
RPM = Revolutions per Minute
IPM = Inches per Minute
FPR = Feed per Revolution
FPT = Feed per Tooth
T = Number of Teeth in Cutter
MMPR = Millimeters per Revolution
IPR = Inches per Revolution
Inches Per Minute (IPM) = FPT x T x RPM
Feed Per Revolution (FPR) = IPM ÷ RPM
Feed Per Tooth (FPT) = IPM ÷ (RPM x T)
Convert Inches Per Revolution (IPR) to Inches Per Minute (IPM) = IPR x RPM
Convert Inches Per Minute (IPM) to Inches Per Revolution (IPR) = IPM ÷ RPM
Convert Inches Per Revolution (IPR) to Millimeters Per Revolution (MMPR) = IPR x 25.40
Metal Removal Formulas:
TCM = Time Cutting in Minutes
TCS = Time Cutting in Seconds
IPM = Inches per Minute
MRR = Metal Removal Rate ( Cubic Inches per Minute)
L = Length of Cut
W = Width
D = Depth of Cut
F = Feed in Inches Per Minute
Time Cutting in Minutes (TCM) = L ÷IPM
Time Cutting in Seconds (TCS) = L ÷IPM x 60
Distance Over Time in Minutes (L) = IPM x TCM
Metal Removal Rate (MRR) = W x D x F
Degrees Formulas:
Converting Minutes of a Degree to a Decimal:
Divide Minutes by 60
Example:
35° 42’
Divide Minutes by 60: 42’ ÷ 60 = .7
Bring Down Degrees: 35.7°
Converting Minutes and Seconds of a Degree to a Decimal:
Divide Seconds then Minutes by 60
Example:
35° 41’ 15”
Divide Seconds by 60: 15 ÷ 60 = .25
Divide Decimal Minutes by 60: 41.25 ÷ 60 = .6875
Bring Down Degrees: 35.6875°
Converting Decimal Degrees to Minutes
Multiply Decimal by 60
Example:
30.7°
Multiply Decimal Degrees by 60: .7 x 60 = 42’
Bring Down Degrees: 30° 42’
Converting Decimal Degrees to Minutes and Seconds
Multiply Decimal Degrees by 60
Example:
30.6875°
Multiply the Degree Decimal by 60: .6875 x 60 = 41.25’
Multiply the Decimal Minutes from Last Calculation by 60: .25 x 60 = 15”
Bring Down Degrees: 30° 41’ 15”
Converting Degrees to Radians
Multiply Degrees by .0174532925 to Obtain Radians
Converting Radians to Degrees
Multiply Radians by 57.29577951 to Obtain Degrees
Drill Point Depth and Countersink Diameter Formulas:
60°
82°
90°
118°
120°
135°
Drill Point Angle:
0.866 X Drill Diameter = Drill Point Length
0.575 X Drill Diameter = Drill Point Length
0.500 X Drill Diameter = Drill Point Length
0.300 X Drill Diameter = Drill Point Length
0.288 X Drill Diameter = Drill Point Length
0.207 X Drill Diameter = Drill Point Length
Use the formulas below to calculate the drill point length for various drill point angles:
Note: you can also substitute the drill diameter with a desired countersink diameter to calculate the depth of cut to make a desired countersink.
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